Soomaa National Park, Located in southwestern Estonia, is a place where nature reigns supreme. Known for its “fifth season” – a period in spring when melting snow causes massive floods – Soomaa transforms into a waterworld. Visitors can canoe over meadows and forests, a surreal experience unique to this park. But even outside the flood season, Soomaa offers a wild, untouched beauty that is rarely found in Europe today. Whether you’re after peaceful hikes, wildlife spotting, or simply want to escape the modern world, Soomaa provides a raw, tranquil haven for nature lovers.
Established in 1993, Soomaa National Park was created to protect Estonia’s unique bog landscapes, vast wetlands, and ancient forests. The word “Soomaa” literally translates to “Land of Bogs,” and it lives up to its name. The park covers over 390 square kilometers, making it the largest wetland protection area in Estonia. Its distinctive floodplains, which emerge during the fifth season, are what set it apart. These floods are so dramatic that roads, meadows, and even forests disappear under water, creating a labyrinth of waterways.
Soomaa’s bogs are thousands of years old, and they provide a sanctuary for a variety of wildlife, including lynxes, wolves, beavers, and over 200 species of birds. The park is also rich in cultural history, with traditional wooden dugout canoes, known as “haabjas,” still used today. These canoes are a part of the region’s heritage, and visitors can even try crafting or paddling one for themselves. Despite being a remote, quiet area, Soomaa has attracted adventurers from all over, especially those intrigued by its dramatic seasonal changes.
Soomaa National Park Attractions
- Fifth Season Floods: The star attraction of Soomaa is the dramatic “fifth season” that floods the landscape. It’s one of the few places in the world where you can paddle through forests and fields!
- Bog Landscapes: The park is dotted with bogs, the most famous being Kuresoo, where you can walk along wooden boardwalks and admire the eerie beauty of the wetlands.
- Ingatsi Nature Trail: This popular trail takes visitors on a journey through the wetlands, offering views of the highest bog in Europe.
- Riisa Study Trail: A great trail for those wanting an easier walk, featuring a boardwalk that provides a closer look at the unique flora and fauna.
- Beaver Lodges: Soomaa is home to many beavers, and visitors can spot their lodges and dams, particularly on guided canoe tours.
Soomaa National Park Activities
- Canoeing and Kayaking: Explore the park’s waterways during the flood season. It’s a unique way to see the park’s landscape, gliding over meadows and forests.
- Hiking: Soomaa offers numerous well-marked trails, such as the Riisa and Ingatsi trails, perfect for a peaceful hike through wetlands and bogs.
- Wildlife Watching: Spot beavers, birds, and even larger mammals like lynxes and wolves if you’re lucky.
- Bog Walking: Take a guided tour with special bog shoes and walk on the squishy, soft surface of the bogs. It’s a surreal experience!
- Snowshoeing and Skiing: In winter, Soomaa transforms into a snowy wonderland. Snowshoeing or cross-country skiing is a great way to explore the frozen bogs.
- Sauna Experiences: Estonians love their saunas, and Soomaa is no exception. After a long hike or paddle, visitors can enjoy a traditional sauna experience to unwind.
Soomaa National Park Best Time to Visit
Soomaa is open year-round, but your experience will vary depending on the season. The “fifth season” floods occur in spring (usually March-April), which is the most unique time to visit. Canoeing through the floodplains during this time is a bucket-list experience. Summer (June-August) is perfect for hiking and bog walking, as the weather is mild and wildlife is abundant. Autumn (September-November) brings stunning fall foliage, while winter (December-February) offers snowshoeing and skiing opportunities.
Soomaa National Park Practical Information
- Park Fees: Entry to the park is free, but some guided activities, such as canoe rentals or bog walking tours, may require a fee.
- Accommodation: There are several camping sites within the park, and nearby guesthouses and farm stays for those looking for a bit more comfort.
- Facilities: Basic facilities, including toilets and picnic areas, are available at the start of most trails. However, much of the park is wild and remote, so plan accordingly.
Soomaa National Park ,Getting There
Soomaa National Park is about a two-hour drive from Estonia’s capital, Tallinn. You can rent a car or take a bus to the nearby town of Pärnu, which is 45 minutes away. From Pärnu, local tours or taxis can take you to the park. Some tour operators even offer guided day trips from Tallinn or Pärnu, including transport.
Soomaa National Park Nearby Attractions
- Viljandi: A charming, historic town located 40 minutes from the park, known for its medieval castle ruins and lively cultural scene.
- Pärnu: Estonia’s summer capital, with sandy beaches and a vibrant vibe, is perfect for a seaside break before or after visiting Soomaa./ Pärnu Beach / Pärnu Old Town.
- Tori Hell Cave: A mysterious sandstone cave on the banks of the Pärnu River, believed to be the entrance to the underworld in Estonian folklore.
- Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve: A similar wilderness area, slightly further east, offering more hiking and bird-watching opportunities.
Final Thoughts
Soomaa National Park is a hidden gem in Estonia that’s perfect for those seeking a peaceful escape into nature. Whether you visit during the iconic fifth season or come for a summer hike, the park’s rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes make it a must-see for nature enthusiasts. With plenty of activities, from canoeing to bog walking, and nearby attractions like Viljandi and Pärnu, Soomaa offers a little something for everyone.
