Military forts, with their imposing walls and rich history, offer a glimpse into the past and the strategic importance they once held. These forts, spread across different continents, have witnessed battles, sieges, and shifts in power, making them fascinating destinations for history enthusiasts and travelers alike. Here are ten amazing military forts around the world that you should add to your travel bucket list.
These ten military forts showcase the diversity and ingenuity of defensive architecture across the globe. From the desert fortresses of India to the sea fortresses of Europe, each of these sites offers a unique glimpse into the history and culture of its region. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or simply love exploring ancient structures, these forts are must-visit destinations for any traveler.
The Great Wall of China, China
The World’s Longest Fortification
While not a single fort, the Great Wall of China is an extensive series of fortifications that stretches over 13,000 miles. Built primarily to protect against invasions from nomadic tribes, the wall includes numerous watchtowers and fortresses along its length. The section at Mutianyu is particularly well-preserved and offers stunning views of the wall snaking through the mountainous terrain.
Mehrangarh Fort, India
A Majestic Hilltop Fortress
Mehrangarh Fort, located in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, is one of the largest forts in India. Perched 400 feet above the city, this formidable fort was built in the 15th century by Rao Jodha. The fort’s massive walls enclose beautiful palaces, courtyards, and museums that showcase the rich history of the Rathore rulers. The fort offers panoramic views of the “Blue City” below and is a masterpiece of Rajput architecture.
Edinburgh Castle, Scotland
A Historic Stronghold
Edinburgh Castle dominates the skyline of Scotland’s capital city from its position atop Castle Rock. This historic fortress has been a royal residence, a military stronghold, and a symbol of Scottish power. The castle houses the Scottish Crown Jewels and the Stone of Destiny, used in the coronation of Scottish monarchs. Visitors can explore the castle’s ancient battlements and enjoy spectacular views of Edinburgh.
Fort Sumter, USA
Where the Civil War Began
Fort Sumter, located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, is best known as the site where the first shots of the American Civil War were fired in 1861. The fort’s strategic location made it a focal point during the conflict. Today, visitors can take a boat tour to the fort and explore its well-preserved walls and cannons, gaining insight into one of the most significant events in American history.
Castillo de San Marcos, USA
A Spanish Fort in Florida
Castillo de San Marcos, located in St. Augustine, Florida, is the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States. Built by the Spanish in the late 17th century to defend against British attacks, the fort’s coquina walls have withstood numerous sieges. The star-shaped design and well-preserved structure offer a fascinating glimpse into colonial military architecture.
Fortaleza de São João Baptista, Portugal
A Fortress with Ocean Views
Located on the island of Terceira in the Azores, Fortaleza de São João Baptista is a stunning example of 16th-century Portuguese military architecture. Perched on a hill overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, the fortress played a crucial role in defending the island against pirates and foreign invaders. The fort offers panoramic views of the ocean and the surrounding landscape, making it a must-visit for history buffs and nature lovers alike.
Alhambra, Spain
A Moorish Palace and Fortress
The Alhambra, located in Granada, Spain, is a breathtaking complex that served as both a palace and a fortress during the Nasrid Dynasty. Known for its stunning Islamic architecture, intricate tilework, and beautiful gardens, the Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Alcazaba, the oldest part of the complex, was the fortress that protected the entire site and offers stunning views of the city and the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Fortress of Suomenlinna, Finland
A Sea Fortress on an Archipelago
The Fortress of Suomenlinna, located on a group of islands off the coast of Helsinki, Finland, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the largest sea fortresses in the world. Built in the mid-18th century by the Swedes to defend against Russian expansion, the fortress is a popular destination for both locals and tourists. Visitors can explore the fortress’s tunnels, museums, and scenic walking paths, all while enjoying views of the Baltic Sea.
Château de Chillon, Switzerland
A Medieval Castle on Lake Geneva
Château de Chillon is a stunning medieval castle located on the shores of Lake Geneva in Switzerland. Originally built as a Roman outpost, the castle was later expanded by the Counts of Savoy in the 12th century. The fortress includes dungeons, towers, and a great hall, all surrounded by breathtaking views of the lake and the Alps. The castle’s picturesque setting has inspired artists and writers for centuries.
Himeji Castle, Japan
A Pristine Samurai Fortress
Himeji Castle, also known as the “White Heron Castle” due to its brilliant white exterior, is one of Japan’s most iconic castles. Located in the city of Himeji, this 17th-century castle is a masterpiece of Japanese feudal architecture. Its complex defensive systems, including moats, walls, and gates, make it a prime example of a military fortress. The castle is also a UNESCO World Heritage site and is renowned for its beauty, particularly during cherry blossom season.